Advice for Farmers Considering the Switch to Raw Milk

In today’s unpredictable world, many dairy farmers are interested in selling raw milk. With it’s higher price point, raw milk provides sustainability for farmers while nourishing families and communities.

Demand for raw milk is increasing in recent years as consumers learn about raw milk’s significant health benefits. Raw milk consumption has been correlated to decreased rates of asthma, allergies, eczema, ear infections, fever, and respiratory infections. Raw milk consumption has also been correlated with improved lung health, and many consumers who are lactose intolerant can actually consume raw milk with no problems.  Plus, raw milk tastes great! Raw milk’s deliciousness is one of the main drivers for why consumers choose raw milk over pasteurized milk. 

It’s Not a Trivial Change

Switching from producing milk intended for pasteurization to raw milk intended for direct human consumption requires a huge shift in mindset and practices. Studies have shown that up to 27% of pre-pasteurized milk contains pathogens, whereas raw milk from well-trained farmers is very unlikely to contain pathogens.

Chart from “Two Types of Raw Milk” by the British Columbia Fresh Milk Project

The intent of this is not to denigrate farmers who produce milk for pasteurization. There certainly are some such farmers who operate very cleanly. However, their milk is generally still commingled with milk from other dairies (that do not follow hygienic practices) in the processor bulk tank.

Farmers who produce low-risk raw milk must carefully manage the cleanliness and hygiene of the farm as a whole from grass-to-glass. From the health of the herd, to cleanliness of the milking parlor, to the specific cleaning processes for the milk line, to ensuring rapid milk chilling, to regularly testing their milk, and everything in between, raw milk farmers have to be dedicated to taking their farm management to the next level in order to ensure that their raw milk is safe to consume.

For dairy farmers who are considering the switch to raw milk production, here are some specific guidelines for producing safe raw milk.

Cleanliness

Cleanliness is of paramount importance in producing raw milk. Your whole milking system, from udders to bottling, must be cleaned exceptionally well, or else there is a much higher likelihood that the milk will end up tainted with pathogens.

Udder preparation and cleaning is of particular importance, since dirty udders are the most probable source for pathogens in milk. Udders need to be clean and dry at milking.  For raw milk production, udder prep typically includes:

• brushing and/or cleaning the udders to make sure they are hygienic

• using a clean rag and towel for each cow/doe

• applying iodine-based teat dip, which is left on for at least 30 seconds

• wiping off the teat dip with a clean, dry towel

• stripping each teat with clean hands or gloves, and inspecting the milk to look for any signs of clotting, blood, etc.

More details on udder prep are given here.

Special care needs to be taken to ensure that the milking system, chiller, and tank are cleaned frequently and thoroughly.  Typically, the milking system needs to be cleaned after each milking with cool/tepid water first, followed by very hot alkaline cleaner, and then finished with hot acidic cleaner. Milk tanks need to be cleaned frequently, including complete disassembly and cleaning of the tank valve. We have more info on how to clean your milking equipment here.

Milk bottling should ideally occur in a clean, uncluttered room with smooth washable walls and floor. Care should be taken to ensure that the milk bottling room is kept clean and is not contaminated with manure or other filth.

Herd Health

Herd health is very important in raw milk production, as unhealthy animals are more likely to develop infection and mastitis which increases the likelihood of having pathogens in the milk. Your raw milk herd must be verified to be free of tuberculosis, brucellosis, and Johne’s disease. Biosecurity must be carefully managed to ensure that the herd does not come into contact with other animals (wild or domesticated) that may be carrying disease.

Rapid Chilling and Maintaining the Cold Chain

Under ideal growth conditions, bacteria counts double every 20 minutes.  Increased bacterial counts are associated with faster milk souring as well as greater presence of pathogens.  Decreased temperatures slow bacterial growth dramatically, and thus it is quite important to make sure that raw milk is rapidly chilled to slow bacterial growth. Ideally, raw milk should be chilled to 38F within an hour of milking. Keep raw milk cold throughout the bottling process and all the way through customer receipt of the milk. We have more info on how to achieve rapid chilling here.

Preventing Cross Contamination

Be aware that other farm animals such as chickens, rodents, birds, and pigs can pose a pathogen threat. For instance, chickens may carry salmonella and campylobacter, and cows/does that lie down in chicken manure may end up with pathogen contamination on their udders. Your milking herd should be kept separate from pigs and chickens. Chickens and birds should be kept out of the milking barn.

Milk stacking occurs when milk from subsequent milkings is placed in the same tank. Milk stacking is to be avoided as much as possible because it increases the likelihood of having bacterial problems. One bad batch can contaminate the rest. Additionally, milk stacking raises the temperature of the previously-cooled milk, making it more likely to support bacterial growth.

If your farm will produce both pasteurized and raw milk, you’ll need to take special care to ensure that the pasteurized milk is kept completely separated from raw milk. Pasteurized milk provides an ideal growth environment for pathogenic Listeria mono be can because there is no beneficial bacteria present to outcompete the Listeria.

Regular Testing

Don’t make the mistake of assuming that, just because your family can drink your raw milk with no problems, there are no pathogens present. Farm families have robust immune systems due to repeated exposure to the farm environment, so they are less likely to become ill from raw milk.  However, if you are selling raw milk to the public, you may end up with customers who have weak or impaired immune systems.  These customers will have a much lower threshold for illness from pathogens than farm families.

Testing is an important part of safe raw milk production. Testing provides a verification step that the practices and procedures are working well to produce low-risk raw milk. According to the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) Common Standards, raw milk should be tested regularly for coliforms and standard plate count. These tests provide a good indication of the hygiene, cleanliness, and handling of the milk. The Common Standards call for <10 coliforms/mL and <5,000 for SPC.

Take Care of Your Market

Selling to people versus selling to a processor: It’s an entirely different and very rewarding world. If you get it right, you’ll become a trusted brand and be beloved. 

As farmers who want to switch into the raw dairy market, besides following high standards for cleanliness and farm management, one of the biggest changes for you will be selling directly to people, kids, and families. You will no longer sell to a processor. The families you provide raw milk to trust you, and you’d better do an outstanding job! 

Building a market for raw milk does not just happen. Selling to a processor doesn’t require answering questions from end consumers or developing close consumer relationships. You’ll have to work hard to develop each relationship with your consumers, and be prepared to answer lots of questions. You must be interested in answering these questions and carefully researching to assure that the most current and accurate information is provided. All of this needs to be done with a warm smile :) and some compassion. 

As we say at RAWMI, “You don’t sell raw milk. You teach it”. If you teach enough, you can sell enough. It’s all about making that consumer connection with very high quality and safety. 

That means you become both a teacher and a producer.  If consumers don’t know what is so great about raw milk... they won’t buy it.  Why would they? They must learn first, then the sale is a done deal. Knowledge is gained and trust is earned before a sale is completed. 

Welcome to world of raw milk and directly nourishing people. 

We’re Here to Help

If you want more information on switching to raw milk production, please don't hesitate to ask. The Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) trains and mentors farmers in the production of low-risk raw milk. RAWMI is a non-profit organization, so our training and mentoring is FREE for farmers. We also have brochures that can help with educating consumers about the benefits of raw milk. We'd be happy to help you in making sure you get off to a good start with raw milk. You can email us at contact@rawmilkinstitute.org.

Welcoming Four Farms in Tennessee, Nebraska, and North Carolina to RAWMI Community

The Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) sends a warm welcome to four more farmers who have completed our Listing program!

RAWMI offers free mentoring to all dairy farmers. Whether they are milking one cow, a handful of goats, or a large herd, the principles of safe raw milk production form a foundational toolset that benefits all dairy farmers and their customers. 

Some of the farmers we mentor choose to keep it casual, and are satisfied to just ask us a few questions before continuing their raw milk journeys. There is another set of farmers, though, that is not content to just dip their toes in the water; they want to dive right in and take their entire milk process to the next level. 

For these farmers, we offer our (free) RAWMI Listing program, wherein we assist farmers in developing their own unique on-farm Risk Analysis and Management Plan, documenting their processes with written Standard Sanitary Operating Procedures, and identifying the Critical Control Points that are essential to their production of safe raw milk. RAWMI Listed farmers test their milk at least monthly for ongoing assurance that their processes are working well to produce low-risk raw milk. RAWMI Listing is the gold standard for raw milk producers.

Four raw milk farms have recently completed the RAWMI Listing process, and we extend them a warm welcome into our growing community!

Blueberry Dairy - Rogersville TN

Philip and Linda Hopkins’ farming journey began with an organic fruit orchard producing apples, pears, and blueberries. In early 2020, they felt that livestock would be a good addition to their farm, and goats seemed to be a natural fit with our rough terrain and limited grazing area.

Blueberry Dairy’s goal is to produce healthy, delicious milk and other dairy products by having happy, healthy goats. They are are strong believers in the family farm and are grateful for the opportunity to make that happen in their community. With the help of a RAWMI grant and support, Blueberry Dairy was able to build an on-farm laboratory for regular bacterial screening. This has been an essential step in ensuring that their milk is as safe as possible.

You can check out Blueberry Dairy’s Risk Management Plan and test results here: https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/listed-farmers/#bberry

Chapman Family Farms and Dairy - Morrill, NE

Chapman Family Farms & Dairy is a raw milk dairy that is situated on the family farm of 158 acres. It is owned and operated by Elliot and Melanie Chapman. The dairy was started in 2020 to fulfill the passion Melanie has for cows. They started with one cow which has grown to about eight cows in milk at a time and they operate year-round.

Chapman Family Farms & Dairy is proud to supply the community with local, wholesome and nutritious products. They produce delicious low-risk raw milk for their community with the use of intentional risk management practices and on-farm lab testing. They have a small store onsite featuring raw milk dairy products along with local vendors, including beef and honey.

You can check out Chapman Family Farm and Dairy’s Risk Management Plan and test results here:

https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/listed-farmers/#chapman

Milk Creek Dairy - Huron, TN

Julie Blankenship is a 3rd generation dairy farmer. Milk Creek Dairy is located in beautiful West Tennessee. Julie has a small herd of Registered A2/A2 Jersey cows. She is passionate about providing fresh, raw milk to the public for health benefits such as healing of gut and skin problems. Julie produces delicious low-risk raw milk for her community with the use of intentional risk management practices and on-farm lab testing (thanks to a lab grant from RAWMI).

You can check out Milk Creek Dairy’s Risk Management Plan and test results here: https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/listed-farmers/#milkcreek

Towering Oaks Farm - Graham, NC

Towering Oaks Farm is a small family farm in Central North Carolina. They are committed to raising all of their animals in a healthy, happy environment because that makes a definite impact on the quality of the food products animals produce for us.  

In 2023, the Richardsons began producing raw milk for their family, Herd Share members, and Pet Milk Customers. Thanks to a grant from RAWMI, they were able to purchase the equipment for an on farm lab, and can now test their own milk more frequently than if they had to transport it to an off site lab. 

Towering Oaks is committed to providing their community with safe, clean, delicious, raw milk.

You can check out Towering Oaks Farm’s Risk Management Plan and test results here: https://www.rawmilkinstitute.org/listed-farmers/#towering

NOW IN STOCK: Raw Milk Institute T-Shirts, Hats, Mugs, and Booklets!

You’ve asked for it, so we’ve delivered! You can now purchase Raw Milk Institute t-shirts, hats, and mugs in our online store.

AND, our popular Booklet on Essential Principles for Low-Risk Raw Milk is now in-stock, too!

All items in our store have free USPS shipping in the USA!

Why Humans Drink (RAW) Milk

Why Did Ancient Humans Start Consuming Milk From Other Mammals?

10,000 years ago, early humans spent much of their time hunting, gathering, or fishing for food. Obtaining food was the dominant preoccupation of their lives. Imagine the reality for humans living prior to the advent of civilization. You can picture them living in crude shelters, wearing animal skins and using few tools. It was not like a 14-day survival challenge where they could call for a medic and be rescued. Eating and surviving were lifelong challenges.

You can hear the crying of babies and children that were hungry. Those cries are universal and have not changed over the millennia. The natural instinct to provide for the next generation was a compelling mandate which drove instinctual and natural innovation.

Early humans nursed their young, just as all mammals do. Nursing provided optimal nutrition for babies to survive and thrive. Breastmilk is a form of raw milk, serving as a complete food source that is perfectly designed to sustain life.

People observed animals in the wild nursing their young just as they nursed their own young. By capturing goats and aurochs (ancestral cow breeds), the people were able to collect their milk in pottery vessels. These humans would have learned quickly that milk from other animals was a complete, nutritious food. Being purposely designed to sustain life like no other food, this raw milk provided a steady source of readily available food for ancient humans.

Without refrigeration, any milk that wasn’t consumed quickly would naturally ferment into cheese curd and whey. The milk storage vessels likely contained bacteria cultures from previous milkings, and hence the culturing process was naturally reinforced with these bacteria.  The resultant curds could be stored and consumed over time. Curd contained a complete set of microbiome-friendly nutrients, and would be easy to digest due to its biodiversity. The humans could now bring along with them a portable supply of steady food. As long as they had sunshine, water, grass or shrubbery, and a mammal, they had food.  

Scientists have ample evidence that humans began drinking raw milk from animals at least 10,000 years ago. The evidence for the early use of animal milk is found in ancient clay pottery vessels, dental remains of Neolithic humans, and bone analysis of animal remains. Ancient baby bottles provide evidence that milk from animals was used to feed human infants at least 8,000 years ago.

The origin and dispersal of domestic livestock species in the Fertile Crescent. (Zeder, Melinda)

These agriculture-based civilizations were so successful that they spread across the Mediterranean region, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East over the next few thousand years. Humanity continued to domesticate additional species of animals; throughout history, many species have been utilized for their milk including camels, cows, goats, sheep, donkeys, horses, water buffalo, reindeer, and other mammals.

Those who consumed milk had a competitive advantage over those that did not have a steady source of readily available food.  This steady supply of food allowed for settlements and communities to develop. People no longer had to spend most of their time acquiring food, and could instead use their brain power to drive the development of sophisticated structures and towns. Domesticated animals became high value assets. As civilization advanced, those that owned milking mammals became wealthy and became the source of food for communities.

Selection of late Bronze/early Iron Age feeding vessels.(J Dunne, et al.)

Lactase and Genetic Adaptations for Milk

The domestication of mammals and consumption of their raw milk provided a source of biodiverse colonies of bacteria for the human gut. When people began drinking raw milk at least 10,000 years ago, these biodiverse bacteria began the genomic adaptation for lactase production and lactase persistence genes. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into digestible form. 

Humans who first began to consume milk from other mammals had not yet developed the lactase persistence gene. Nonetheless, they likely would have been able to readily digest raw milk because it facilitates the production of lactase enzyme in the intestinal tract. Archaeological evidence shows that humans were consuming raw milk for thousands of years before the widespread appearance of the lactase-persistence gene. This has led many researchers to the probably erroneous conclusion that Neolithic humans must have been fermenting or culturing milk to reduce or remove its lactose content.  

In reality, “lactose-intolerance” is primarily pasteurization intolerance.  Since raw milk facilitates the production of lactase, it is not likely that there were widespread issues with lactose intolerance in Neolithic populations. In all likelihood, these early populations would have been able to consume milk in its fresh form straight from the mammals, as well as in the lacto-fermented curds and whey which would form quickly without refrigeration.  

Stone carving at the ancient Sumerian temple of Ninhursag showing typical dairy activities. (Dorling Kindersley, The Visual Dictionary of Ancient Civilizations)

The competitive advantage provided by raw milk is not to be understated. Raw milk allowed humans to thrive in conditions where survival would have been difficult. It allowed them to migrate and proliferate from region to region with a steady supply of food. Those populations that consumed milk further adapted by developing lactase-persistence genes. Scientists now believe that the lactase-persistence genes were spread through natural selection. This means that the reproductive capacity and/or survivability of ancient raw milk drinkers was substantially increased compared to non-milk-drinking populations. The lactase-persistence genes would have facilitated the easy digestion of milk in many forms, including boiled or cooked milk. There is current evidence of lactase persistence genes in people from regions of Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. However, even those without the lactase-persistent gene can generally digest raw milk because of the raw milk bacteria that create lactase for the human gut. 

Pasteurization: A Technological Solution to a Manmade Problem

A 19th century illustration of "swill milk" being produced: a sickly cow being milked while held up by ropes. (Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly)

By the mid-1800’s in America, some raw milk production had shifted away from farms and into highly-populated cities. Big cities did not have pastures or clean water, and the cows in city dairies were kept in filthy conditions with poor nutrition and poor animal health. Many of these cows were fed byproducts from alcohol distilleries, leading to illness in the cows. Raw milk, which had been safely consumed by humans for nearly 10,000 years, had become a source of deadly diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid, diphtheria, and scarlet fever. 

In the late 1800's, it was recognized that raw milk being produced in these conditions was dangerous, and two solutions were proposed.  Pasteurization was one of the solutions which was proposed to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in the milk coming from these filthy conditions. The other solution was to actually produce the milk in hygienic conditions with healthy animals.  

It was known that raw milk was a superior source of nutrition for infants and children, so the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions (AAMMC) was established in the late 1800's to ensure a safe supply of hygienic raw milk. The AAMMC was in operation for nearly a century, certifying medical raw milk for use in hospitals and for feeding infants and children.  

Pasteurization was ushered in to address filthy conditions and unhealthy cows in cities.  It answered the question of how to commercialize dirty milk, rather than spending the time and energy it would take to produce clean milk from healthy cows. Clearly, over time, the pasteurization movement gained traction and became the standard for ensuring "safe" milk, yet pasteurization is known to degrade and damage many of the nutrients in milk. 

Raw Milk’s Role in the 2020’s

Now in the 2020’s, we are in a time of widespread immune depression, comorbidities, and compromised health. For most Americans, the competitive advantage of raw milk consumption has never been a reality. Raw milk’s immune-building properties and microbiome friendly traits have been forgotten. 

Instead, we live in the age of immune-destructive pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. Although life-saving in certain applications, these drugs also depress and damage the immune system and gut microbiome. Antibiotic resistance is now responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of people every year in the USA alone. Furthermore, pasteurized milk is now recognized as a top food allergen and difficult to digest.  

Raw milk is an innate part of our healthy immune history, and is largely missing in our sterile, sugar-laden, preservative-laced, antibiotic-abusing modern diets and medical culture.  Safe raw milk has been rediscovered by those who study history and know the role of raw milk as a nourishing whole food.  Raw milk that is carefully and intentionally produced for direct human consumption is wholly different from milk being produced for pasteurization.  

So, the next time that someone says, “milk is for cows and not for humans,” share with them the intricate link between civilization and raw milk, and the competitive advantage that raw milk provided to humanity for 10,000 years. Many of these misinformed humans are in dire need of gut microbiome rescue like never before. Reach out to them with love, compassion and humanity. They need our support, nourishment, and education.    

REGISTRATION NOW OPEN: Feb 5th Pennsylvania Training on Producing World-Class Raw Milk

On Wednesday February 5th in Lancaster, PA, the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) will present a 3-hour seminar on Producing World-Class Raw Milk.

Whereas farmers producing milk for the pasteurized market often struggle to make ends meet, raw milk farms are thriving. Raw milk presents a unique opportunity for farmers to move into an expanding market by implementing intentional practices and higher standards to produce low-risk, delicious raw milk.

Raw milk is an exceptional farmstead product that brings all the added value back to the farmer with an incentive to work on quality. By selling directly to consumers, raw milk farmers are able to obtain greater financial rewards for their work, while consumers benefit from the improved flavor and nutrition. It’s a win-win for both farmers and consumers!

About the Training

This training workshop will be presented by the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) as part of the PASA Sustainable Agriculture Conference. This class will be from 9am-noon Eastern Time.

This RAWMI presentation will focus on:

• History of raw milk

• Why raw milk farms are thriving

• Health benefits of raw milk

• Benefits of selling raw milk

• Safety and risks of raw milk

• Grass-to-glass raw milk risk management

• Raw milk testing

• Building a successful raw milk market

Where to Register

Registration is now open through the PASA Sustainable Agriculture at: https://pasafarming.org/conference. Make sure to sign up for Wednesday attendance if you are going to attend our raw milk seminar.

Early Bird pricing is available through January 10th. PASA offers sliding scale pricing to attend the conference. If you will only be attending on Wednesday, the Early Bird cost is $70-$160 depending on your selected sliding scale level. Scholarships are also available through PASA.

Overcoming Hurdles for Raw Milk Legalization in Delaware

This article was written by Stephanie Knutsen, the dairy farmer who was instrumental in the successful legalization of raw milk in Delaware.

My journey to the legalization of raw milk in Delaware (DE) is quite unconventional, mainly because raw milk was not on my radar. Raw milk was illegal in DE and in the states around us, with the exception of Pennsylvania. I assumed it was going to remain so for quite some time. I certainly couldn’t make a difference, but wait… I did! Welcome to my story.

I didn’t seek out a legislator to champion the legalization of raw milk, but one found me! I received a phone call explaining that Senator Buckson was hearing from frustrated consumers about the lack of raw milk access in DE. He wanted to sponsor a consumer-driven bill to legalize raw milk sales, but wanted to tour a dairy farm and hear from DE dairy farmers before proceeding further. Little did I know that raw milk research and advocacy was about to take over my life.

We Drank Our Milk Raw, But Was it Safe to Sell to Others?

We have always consumed our own raw milk from G&S Dairy Farms without hesitation. I firmly believe people should have the right to weigh the risks and benefits to choose for themselves which foods to consume and therefore, I supported the idea of legalization. But, how did we feel about selling raw milk ourselves to the public?

I wondered:

• What is the real risk?  

• How many raw milk related illnesses are there?

• Would we be setting ourselves up to lose the farm in a lawsuit while trying to save it with raw milk sales?

• How could we live with ourselves if someone got really sick? 

These were questions I needed answers to.

Raw Milk Connections and Research

I remember sitting at the computer that night and typing “raw milk” into the Google search bar. By midnight I had landed myself on the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) website. The next day, I received the first of numerous personal phone calls from RAWMI Chairman Mark McAfee.  I was blown away with the knowledge, support, and guidance that Mark poured into me. RAWMI’s support proved instrumental in this legalization process. I was beginning to build my connections! These connections were a major key to our success story.

Many additional important connections came to me during my countless hours researching data, sifting through the bias on both ends of the spectrum, analyzing CDC datasets, and reaching out to experts across the country.  The more I studied, the more clearly I saw the raw deal that raw milk had been getting! For instance, I had heard that raw milk has "life threatening" risks yet in looking at the data, I could only find 2 confirmed deaths due to raw milk in nearly 20 years. This was despite the fact that millions of people regularly drink raw milk. The CDC estimates there are 3,000 deaths annually from food borne illnesses, yet they have only confirmed 2 deaths related to raw milk in ~20 years so the risks of raw milk were being greatly exaggerated.

With a newfound passion ignited, I no longer questioned if raw milk was a good idea for our farm. I could envision a future in dairy for our children for the first time! I committed myself to making sure that DE, which is referred to as “The First State,” was not going to be known as “The Last State” in regards to raw milk legalization.

Learning From a Failed Legalization Attempt

Once I empowered myself with the knowledge and facts, I needed to gather support. A failed attempt for legalization had been made ten years earlier. A friend, who also happened to be the Senate Policy Director, was able to access the recorded tapes from that failed legislation so we could understand who had opposed it and why.

Ten years ago, dairy farmers were worried someone would get sick and make the industry look bad. The Farm Bureau had been neutral about raw milk legalization, but both the Agriculture Department and Health Department were opposed. This understanding gave us a starting point for building support!

Building a Coalition of Stakeholders

Although there were 44 family dairies in DE during the previous attempt at legalization, there were now only 13 dairies remaining.  I reached out to these 13 family-run dairies in DE to share my research about safe production of raw milk. I also shared that the market for raw milk is growing and creates a path to sustainability for small-scale dairies. This resulted in an overwhelming amount of positive support for raw milk legalization by dairy farmers of Delaware. 

Next was the Farm Bureau, to see if they would potentially be willing to support raw milk legalization instead of keeping their previous “neutral” position. After meeting personally with the Farm Bureau administrator, we reached out to every county Farm Bureau and asked to speak at each of their board meetings. The timing was perfect since every Farm Bureau county hosts a legislative breakfast to inform legislators of upcoming bills and policies affecting farmers.

I presented on raw milk at each of these legislative breakfasts while the bill was still being drafted. The breakfasts allowed me to reach many legislators at once in a personal way. Much of our bi partisan support stemmed from these early face-to-face meetings where legislators could hear the whole story before they even knew about the coming bill. Soon we had every county board and then the state board of the Farm Bureau voting in support for raw milk legalization.

Building Bridges with the Opposition

We knew that the Agriculture Department and Health Department had previously opposed raw milk legalization. Instead of hiding what we were doing, we hoped to bring them along and give them the chance to learn more. This strategy proved successful over and over again.

With farmers and Farm Bureau on board, we were now well-positioned to meet with the Agriculture Department. Despite their longtime stance against raw milk, our Secretary of Agriculture was open to listening. I explained about consumer demand for raw milk, the economic impact to DE dairy farmers, the true risks of illness for carefully produced raw milk, and how we could further reduce health risks through regulations including bacterial testing with on-farm labs to ensure milk meets post-pasteurized standards for bacterial counts. By the end of the meeting, the Secretary of Agriculture was no longer opposed to raw milk legalization. We invited him to have input into the bill language and he eventually became our biggest and most powerful advocate!

We knew the Health Department was likely to be a tougher-sell on supporting raw milk due to entrenched beliefs about raw milk being dangerous. Senator Buckson called a meeting with the Health Department where he shared the “why” behind the legalization bill and mentioned that the bill might be passed due to bipartisan support. The Senator then invited the Health Department to provide input into the bill language to address their concerns. Although I would love to take credit for what happened in that room, all the credit goes to God. Miraculously, the Health Department agreed to be neutral on the bill!

Legalization Success

With farmers, Farm Bureau, and our state agencies on board or at least neutral, we introduced the bill with bi-partisan support in both the house and senate.  I could write a novel about every step of the way and the twists and turns we encountered, including the discovery of Bird Flu crossover to dairy!  Maybe I will someday, but that isn’t the purpose of this piece. We were successful and raw milk is now legal in Delaware!

Keys To Success

For those who want to advocate for legalization in other states or countries, I want to encourage you. Know that YOU can make a difference. Some of the keys to our success were the following.

• Raw milk is no longer just farmer-driven. It is consumer-driven by the countless people and families who deserve access to this special food.

• It was important to do the research and have fact sheets available with real data, including comparisons to other foods.

• It was crucial to reach out to stakeholders early on, especially to those who were opposed. It was scary and would have been easier to ignore the opposition and hope for the best, but with lots of prayer and bravery I sought after conversations with such people.

• An important approach that worked time and time again was to first just listen, show understanding for the concerns, find the common ground and move forward from there. By meeting people where they were, letting them feel validated and heard, and acknowledging that I too had felt that way, we were no longer enemies and we could have meaningful conversations where they were open to learning how my thoughts had changed.

• It was also important to build a strong team. Some of the key players on our team were the bill sponsor (Senator Buckson), his policy director, the agriculture advisor to the governor, Raw Milk Institute, Farm-to-Consumer Legal Defense Fund, Pete Kennedy (Weston A Price Foundation), and especially Peg Coleman (who provided scientific backing on risk assessment and valuable information related to the bird flu).

• I learned that emails proved to have very little impact and personal interaction was the winning ticket. My advice is to build as much support as possible early on, even before bill writing is complete.

• And lastly but most importantly pray! I saw God’s hand at work in this so many times and drew strength from that when I felt weary. He slayed some mighty giants for us along the way and I have to give him the praise and glory. Don’t be complacent. I knew very little about raw milk and look at what was accomplished. You can make a difference! If I could do it, you definitely can too!

Raw Milk, Asthma, and Lung Health

There are multiple peer-reviewed, scientific studies which correlate raw milk with improved lung health, both in childhood and adulthood.

Children Who Drink Raw Milk Have Less Asthma

Several large epidemiological studies of European children have found correlations between raw milk consumption and decreased rates of asthma.

PARSIFAL Study

The PARSIFAL study was designed to look at allergy risk factors in children. This large study of over 14,800 European children (from Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland) investigated asthma and allergic diseases in relation to children’s exposure to different environments (farms, rural, suburban) and farm-fresh foods (such as raw dairy products, eggs, and vegetables). The PARSIFAL data relating to asthma and raw milk were published in December 2006 in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Allergy [1].

The PARSIFAL study concluded that there is a "significant inverse association between farm [raw] milk consumption and childhood asthma." The study found that, regardless of which environment the children lived in, those children who drank raw milk had significantly lower rates of asthma than children who did not drink raw milk.

GABRIELA Study

The GABRIELA study was designed to investigate the genetic and environmental causes of asthma.  This study included over 8,000 European children (from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland), and was published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in August 2011 [2]. In this study, raw milk consumption was compared to consumption of boiled/pasteurized milk, and the level of exposure to raw milk in utero through school age was also accounted for. The study also looked into the children’s exposure to farm environments as a possible variable related to rates of asthma.

The GABRIELA study found that raw milk consumption is associated with significantly lower rates of asthma, and that this beneficial effect is independent of other farm exposures. It was found that early exposure to raw milk (at <1 year of age) and daily consumption of raw milk increased the beneficial effect in children who drank a mixture of raw milk and pasteurized milk. The consumption of only pasteurized milk “was not associated with any health outcome.”

PASTURE Study

The PASTURE study followed children from birth to age 6 years in order to gain a better understanding of the effects of raw milk consumption on asthma. This study of over 900 European children (from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Finland, and France) was published in January 2016 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [3].

The PASTURE study concluded that, "Continuous farm [raw] milk consumption in childhood protects against asthma at school age." This study found that raw milk’s “beneficial effect on asthma increases over time. Recent consumption of farm milk seems to be more relevant than consumption in the first years of life, which extends the concept of early prevention to sustained prevention until school age and beyond.” 

It’s Not the “Farm Effect,” It’s the Raw Milk!

Some of the research correlating decreased asthma with raw milk consumption has been criticized as actually demonstrating that living on a farm is associated with decreased rates of asthma. However, several of the studies specifically analyzed the effects of living environments, and found that the beneficial effects of raw milk on asthma were indeed present even in children who did not live on farms.

Furthermore, a meta-analysis of eight health studies related to raw milk was published in the November 2019 issue of the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [4]. A meta-analysis is a quantitative statistical analysis which combines the results of multiple scientific studies, thereby allowing the researchers to derive overall conclusions about that body of research. The recent meta-analysis, written by a team of researchers from the Netherlands and Germany, concluded that when taken as a whole, the body of data from the previous studies shows that raw milk consumption in childhood has a protective effect on asthma “independent of other farm exposures and that children not living on a farm can theoretically profit from this effect.” 

Adults Who Drank Raw Milk in Childhood Have Better Lung Function

Agricultural Lung Health Study

There is evidence that raw milk’s beneficial impacts on lung health are not isolated to childhood. Evidence that raw milk has a beneficial effect on adult lung health is seen in the Agricultural Lung Health Study, which is part of the larger Agricultural Health Study that was designed to investigate how agricultural, lifestyle and genetic factors affect the health of farmers.  The Agricultural Lung Health Study data relating to lung health and raw milk were published in March 2018 in the journal Thorax [5].

This study investigated lung function in over 3,000 USA older adults, with a mean age of 63 years.   It was found that "raw milk consumption, particularly early in life, is associated with better pulmonary [lung] function in adulthood." This study found that childhood raw milk consumption was correlated with “higher forced expiratory volume” and higher “forced vital capacity”, leading the researchers to conclude that “the beneficial effect of raw milk is predominantly on lung growth.”

Low-Risk Raw Milk as a Therapeutic Tool

It is clear from all of this research that raw milk consumption is correlated with improved lung health.  Children who drink raw milk have lower rates of asthma, and childhood raw milk consumption leads to improved lung health that lasts into older adulthood. There is a growing body of evidence that raw milk is a low-risk food when it is produced carefully and intentionally [6, 7]. Thus, low-risk raw milk can be a powerful therapeutic tool for improving lung health.

References

[1] Inverse association of farm milk consumption with asthma and allergy in rural and suburban populations across Europe. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2007; 37(5):661-70. Waser M, Michels KB, Bieli C, Flöistrup H, Pershagen G, von Mutius E, Ege M, Riedler J, Schram-Bijkerk D, Brunekreef B, van Hage M, Lauener R, Braun-Fahrländer C; PARSIFAL study team. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17456213

[2] The protective effect of farm milk consumption on childhood asthma and atopy: The GABRIELA study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011; 128 (4): 766-73. Loss G, Apprich S, Waser M, Kneifel W, Genuneit J, Büchele G, Weber J, Sozanska B, Danielewicz H, Horak E, Joost van Neerven RJ, Heederik D, Lorenzen PC, von Mutius E, Braun-Fahrländer C; GABRIELA study group. https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(11)01234-6/fulltext

[3] ω-3 fatty acids contribute to the asthma-protective effect of unprocessed cow's milk. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016; 137 (6): 1699-1706. Brick T, Schober Y, Böcking C, Pekkanen J, Genuneit J, Loss G, Dalphin JC, Riedler J, Lauener R, Nockher WA, Renz H, Vaarala O, Braun-Fahrländer C, von Mutius E, Ege MJ, Pfefferle PI; PASTURE study group. https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(15)01731-5/fulltext

[4] The Beneficial Effect of Farm Milk Consumption on Asthma, Allergies, and Infections: From Meta-Analysis of Evidence to Clinical Trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practcice, 2019. 8 (3): 878-889. Brick T, Hettinga K, Kirchner B, Pfaffl MW, Ege MJ. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31770653

[5] Raw milk consumption and other early-life farm exposures and adult pulmonary function in the Agricultural Lung Health Study. Thorax, 2018; 73:279-282. Wyss AB, House JS, Hoppin JA, et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5758444/

[6] Recent Trends in Unpasteurized Fluid Milk Outbreaks, Legalization, and Consumption in the United States. PLOS Currents. 2018; 10. Whitehead J, Lake B. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6140832/#ref27

[7] Raw milk producers with high levels of hygiene and safety. Epidemiology and Infection, 2020; 148, e14, 1-7. Berge AC, Baars T. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32000877

SAVE THE DATE: Feb 5th Pennsylvania Training on Producing World-Class Raw Milk

On Wednesday February 5th in Lancaster, PA, the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) will present a 3-hour seminar on Producing World-Class Raw Milk.

Whereas farmers producing milk for the pasteurized market often struggle to make ends meet, raw milk farms are thriving. Raw milk presents a unique opportunity for farmers to move into an expanding market by implementing intentional practices and higher standards to produce low-risk, delicious raw milk.

Raw milk is an exceptional farmstead product that brings all the added value back to the farmer with an incentive to work on quality. By selling directly to consumers, raw milk farmers are able to obtain greater financial rewards for their work, while consumers benefit from the improved flavor and nutrition. It’s a win-win for both farmers and consumers!

About the Training

This training workshop will be presented by the Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) as part of the PASA Sustainable Agriculture Conference. This class will be from 9am-noon Eastern Time.

This RAWMI presentation will focus on:

• History of raw milk

• Why raw milk farms are thriving

• Health benefits of raw milk

• Benefits of selling raw milk

• Safety and risks of raw milk

• Grass-to-glass raw milk risk management

• Raw milk testing

• Building a successful raw milk market

Save the Date

You can’t register for this workshop quite yet, but save the date and we hope to see you in Pennsylvania!

Build Immune System Strength With Whole Foods: Drink Raw Milk!

America invested $3 billion dollars and spent 13 years between 1990 and 2003 to figure out what makes us genetically human. The research project focused on discovery of the genes and genetic code that makes us what we are.  This work was funded by Congress and led by the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. The findings were not quite as expected.  

Our parents gave us each about 20,000 genes that give us our basic structure and shape. That was the easy part.  That is our “hardware”. However, the “software” that runs our human machine gets a little tricky. It becomes very complicated and even inconvenient.

Rob Knight, founder of the Center for Microbiome Innovation and Professor of Pediatrics at the University of California San Diego, describes that,

“You’re more microbe than you are human.”

On a cellular level, we are only 43% human, with the balance of our cells being bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Genetically, our 20,000 human genes are vastly outnumbered by 2,000,000 to 20,000,000 microbial genes, which are mainly coming from bacteria. And most of these bacteria make their home in our gut.

At the cellular level, genetic information is shared between human cells and microbial cells. Genetic information is freely traded, exchanged and swapped around as an essential part of life and cellular function. The essential bacterial genetic information acts as “software” for the human cells, regulating the immune system, digestion, and manufacture of vital vitamins. This is how our human micro-biome functions.  

I like to say “we are Bacteriosapiens”.  What does this mean in real terms? How do we apply advanced science and use this information to better our lives? The bottom line is this:

We have great control over our optimal health.

We are not narrowly driven by the genes our parents passed to us. Those genes are important, but they are only a sliver of the genetics that truly drive our human machine. How we live our lives has tremendous impact on our microbiome and therefore our health. Were we breast fed, were we born by C-Section, did we receive heavy antibiotics early on? That’s just for starters. What we were fed as children and how do we continue to eat today? Don’t get into a guilt trip. That’s all old history. You can start fixing it today.

According to Dr. Anahid Jewett PhD at UCLA:

The healthy gut biome needs two things to reduce inflammation and keep you healthy:

• A load of biodiverse bacteria

• The whole foods that feed them

It comes down to nurturing our beneficial bacteria!  How do we get good bacteria to hang out, colonize our bodies, and become our very best genetic friends? How do we get and keep our genetic software so our human cells can make good decisions and keep us healthy?  Beneficial bacteria don’t hang around very long if we don’t offer them breakfast, lunch and dinner.

What nourishes our beneficial bacteria?  Whole foods do. What is a whole food? A whole food is a food that is unprocessed and complete. Nothing taken away and nothing added. Whole foods grow right out of good healthy soils which are teaming with earthworms, fungi, and bacteria. Whole foods come right out of the cow or straight from a well-nourished animal.

Americans don’t eat many whole foods. Instead we eat the Standard American Diet (SAD). In doing so, we starve and deprive our beneficial bacteria! In fact, we Americans love our antibiotics, pharmaceutical drugs, preservatives, sugar rich foods, long shelf life foods and GMOs. Highly processed foods and chemicals are destructive to our gut biome and the bacterial diversity required for genomic health. So what does that leave us? Its leaves us with “hardware and no software to drive it”. We become genetically inept at the cellular level.  We develop a whole range of diseases, including allergies, leaky gut, autoimmune disorders, depression, autism, and more. It’s really SAD.   

Nourishing and healing our gut microbiome requires moving away from processed foods and pharmaceuticals, and instead moving towards whole foods.

Raw milk, raw cheese, raw butter, raw cream and raw kefir are whole gut biome superfoods. They seed the gut with diverse beneficial bacteria, while providing the enzymes, proteins, minerals, and good fats that bacteria love to eat. They are whole foods with biologically active elements and protein systems that protect the gut, and build and maintain our immune system. They are the first foods of life!  Add fresh or fermented vegetables, grass-fed beef, chicken, eggs, and other direct-from-the-farm foods to make your bacteriosapien thrive!

Follow-on studies to the Human Genome Project continue today, including the Human Microbiome Project and the American Gut Project. It has become quite the clash of titans. The current medical and food processing establishments find this information to be extremely inconvenient. If bacteria are critical to life, then what are we doing with all the antibiotics? Sugars grow candida yeast and disrupt normal healthy bacterial colonization. Preservatives kill off bacteria in foods to extend shelf life and cause damage to the gut bacterial colonies. So does the widely-used glyphosate Round-up!

In the recent Coronavirus Pandemic, we witnessed lack of resilience in our gut biomes and immune systems.

While some people were not affected by Coronavirus others became deathly ill or worse.  We don’t know exactly why there was such a difference in these outcomes and pathways. We have been given a big hint, though: in general, COVID19 illness seriously affected those with compromised immune systems and poor health status.

New threats will continue to emerge. Viruses and bacteria continually evolve and adapt. Our immune system and gut biome must dynamically do the same. We must be adaptive and resilient to be able to address the ever present and evolving threats that will come to visit us. Will your immune system and genomics be up to the new threat?  Vaccines are always late, come after the fact, and don’t have the most effective track record. A healthy adaptive resilient immune system is with you and working all the time.

There is a long list of studies that confirm the health benefits of raw milk. These benefits include significantly fewer colds (which are viral illnesses), less asthma, fewer ear infections, reduction of eczema, less allergies, and stronger general health. These findings confirm that:

Those who eat a whole food diet and consume raw dairy products have more adaptive and resilient immune systems.

Get to know your bacterial self. You are not alone. Give your new best friends breakfast, lunch, and dinner. They won’t ever let you down if you feed them well.

Drink your raw milk and eat your whole foods! Cherish your new bacterial friends. They are the healthy you!

How to Find a Good Raw Milk Farmer

Is your raw milk farmer really producing low-risk, safe raw milk?

Numerous scientific studies have shown that raw milk is correlated with decreased rates of asthma, allergies, eczema, ear infections, fever, and respiratory infections. However, improperly-produced raw milk can be dangerous! For instance, studies have shown that there are disease-causing pathogens in up to 24% of samples taken from bulk tanks of milk intended for pasteurization.

So how do you find a good source for low-risk raw milk? Keep reading for info about:

• 35+ RAWMI Listed dairies across the USA and Canada

• Online raw milk directories

• Recommended checklist to assess your local raw milk dairy

RAWMI Listed Farmers

The Raw Milk Institute (RAWMI) has developed a rigorous program for raw milk farmers who are dedicated to producing clean, safe raw milk. RAWMI Listed farmers develop a plan for managing the health and hygiene of their farm, receive one-on-one mentoring and guidance for low-risk optimization, and test their milk regularly to ensure compliance with the RAWMI Common Standards for low-risk raw milk. RAWMI Listed farmers meet regularly as a community to share lessons learned and stay up-to-date on the best practices for low-risk raw milk production.

RAWMI currently has 35+ Listed farms in Arizona, Arkansas, British Columbia Canada, California, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario Canada, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. If you are lucky enough to live near a RAWMI Listed dairy, you’ve got a great source for low-risk raw milk nearby.

Raw Milk Directories

If you don’t live near a RAWMI Listed dairy, the following online directories might be helpful in finding a source for raw milk:

This site has a comprehensive state-by-state list of raw milk dairies in the USA.

This site has a handy interactive map of raw milk dairies across the USA and internationally.

For raw milk in the United Kingdom, this website has an interactive map of raw milk dairies.

Checklist for Assessing Raw Milk Dairies

Since most of these dairies have not been Listed by RAWMI, it is recommended that you do some research to make sure that the raw milk you buy is low-risk. Here is a short list of things to look for in a raw milk dairy:

• Make sure the cows/goats look like they're in good health, with regards to body conformation, udders, coat, etc.

• Check whether the cows/goats get sunshine and have access to outdoors and some grass.

• Inspect to make sure that everything involved in the milking process looks very clean, including the milking parlor, all milking equipment, bottle cleaning area, bottling area, milk jars/bottles, etc.

• Find out about their process for cleaning bottles, such as whether they use hot water, washing machine, etc.

• Ask to see what the udder cleaning process looks like, making sure the udders are cleaned very well, pre-dipped, dried, and stripped before milking begins. 

• Learn about their milk chilling process. It is best if the milk is chilled quickly to just above freezing (38-40 degrees F) in ~45-60 minutes, such as with an ice bath or other more high-tech chilling equipment.

• Find out what their water source is and whether their water is tested regularly.

• Find out what the shelf-life of their milk is, from fresh to souring. Cold, clean raw milk should have good flavor and taste for at least 12-14 days or even longer.  Short shelf life with rising bubbles in the milk would indicate high presence of coliform bacteria, which indicates that the milk is not hygienic.

• Ask about what regular testing they do, and find out specifically what their coliform counts have been. RAWMI Common Standards aim for <10 coliforms/mL of raw milk.

• Take a look into the farmer's kitchen: does it look clean and orderly? Look at their truck, too. Personal practices often say so much about behaviors when no one is watching. 

• To really make sure their overall processes and procedures are optimal for low-risk raw milk, direct them to contact RAWMI and consider becoming RAWMI Listed. 

If your local raw milk dairy is not Listed by RAWMI, consider asking them to contact the Raw Milk Institute. We provide mentoring and training, help farmers develop their own unique on-farm Risk Assessment and Management Plan, and provide ongoing support. It is FREE for farmers and helps ensure that their milk is low-risk and safe for you and your family!

You may also want to share these resources with your farmer:

• RAWMI’s 4.5-Hour Online Raw Milk Risk Management Course

• Essential Principles for Low-Risk Raw Milk Booklet - Available Spiral Bound or as a PDF Download